replace into和insert into on duplicate key 区别

replace的用法

当不冲突时相当于insert，其余列默认值 当key冲突时，自增列更新，replace冲突列，其余列默认值 Com_replace会加1 Innodb_rows_updated会加1

Insert into …on duplicate key的用法

不冲突时相当于insert，其余列默认值 当与key冲突时，只update相应字段值。 Com_insert会加1 Innodb_rows_inserted会增加1

实验展示

表结构

create table helei1( id int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, name varchar(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '', age tinyint(3) unsigned NOT NULL default 0, PRIMARY KEY(id), UNIQUE KEY uk_name (name) ) ENGINE=innodb AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; </br>

表数据

root@127.0.0.1 (helei)> select * from helei1; +----+-----------+-----+ | id | name | age | +----+-----------+-----+ | 1 | 贺磊 | 26 | | 2 | 小明 | 28 | | 3 | 小红 | 26 | +----+-----------+-----+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

replace into用法

root@127.0.0.1 (helei)> replace into helei1 (name) values('贺磊'); Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec)

root@127.0.0.1 (helei)> select * from helei1; +----+-----------+-----+ | id | name | age | +----+-----------+-----+ | 2 | 小明 | 28 | | 3 | 小红 | 26 | | 4 | 贺磊 | 0 | +----+-----------+-----+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) root@127.0.0.1 (helei)> replace into helei1 (name) values('爱璇'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

root@127.0.0.1 (helei)> select * from helei1; +----+-----------+-----+ | id | name | age | +----+-----------+-----+ | 2 | 小明 | 28 | | 3 | 小红 | 26 | | 4 | 贺磊 | 0 | | 5 | 爱璇 | 0 | +----+-----------+-----+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

replace的用法 当没有key冲突时，replace into 相当于insert，其余列默认值 当key冲突时，自增列更新，replace冲突列，其余列默认值

Insert into …on duplicate key:

root@127.0.0.1 (helei)> select * from helei1; +----+-----------+-----+ | id | name | age | +----+-----------+-----+ | 2 | 小明 | 28 | | 3 | 小红 | 26 | | 4 | 贺磊 | 0 | | 5 | 爱璇 | 0 | +----+-----------+-----+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

root@127.0.0.1 (helei)> insert into helei1 (name,age) values('贺磊',0) on duplicate key update age=100; Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec)

root@127.0.0.1 (helei)> select * from helei1; +----+-----------+-----+ | id | name | age | +----+-----------+-----+ | 2 | 小明 | 28 | | 3 | 小红 | 26 | | 4 | 贺磊 | 100 | | 5 | 爱璇 | 0 | +----+-----------+-----+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

root@127.0.0.1 (helei)> select * from helei1; +----+-----------+-----+ | id | name | age | +----+-----------+-----+ | 2 | 小明 | 28 | | 3 | 小红 | 26 | | 4 | 贺磊 | 100 | | 5 | 爱璇 | 0 | +----+-----------+-----+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

root@127.0.0.1 (helei)> insert into helei1 (name) values('爱璇') on duplicate key update age=120; Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.01 sec)

root@127.0.0.1 (helei)> select * from helei1; +----+-----------+-----+ | id | name | age | +----+-----------+-----+ | 2 | 小明 | 28 | | 3 | 小红 | 26 | | 4 | 贺磊 | 100 | | 5 | 爱璇 | 120 | +----+-----------+-----+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

root@127.0.0.1 (helei)> insert into helei1 (name) values('不存在') on duplicate key update age=80; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

root@127.0.0.1 (helei)> select * from helei1; +----+-----------+-----+ | id | name | age | +----+-----------+-----+ | 2 | 小明 | 28 | | 3 | 小红 | 26 | | 4 | 贺磊 | 100 | | 5 | 爱璇 | 120 | | 8 | 不存在 | 0 | +----+-----------+-----+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

总结

replace into这种用法，相当于如果发现冲突键，先做一个delete操作，再做一个insert 操作，未指定的列使用默认值，这种情况会导致自增主键产生变化，如果表中存在外键或者业务逻辑上依赖主键，那么会出现异常。因此建议使用Insert into …on duplicate key。由于编写时间也很仓促，文中难免会出现一些错误或者不准确的地方，不妥之处恳请读者批评指正。

喜欢的读者可以点个赞来个关注，您的赞美和关注是对笔者继续发文的最大鼓励与支持！